Fact Sheet: 101 on Clean Water Act Section 401

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Section 401 of the Clean Water Act gives states a say over federal permits. Before a federal agency issues a permit or license for an activity that may discharge into a water of the

United States, such as a Corps permit to fill a wetland or a FERC license for a dam, the state or an authorized tribe must certify that the discharge will meet its water quality requirements.

Tim Male

Tim founded the Environmental Policy Innovation Center in 2017. Prior to launching this startup, he served as an Associate Director at the White House Council on Environmental Quality, Vice President for Conservation Policy at Defenders of Wildlife, Director at National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and Co-Director of agriculture policy at Environmental Defense Fund. He holds degrees in science from Yale University and the University of Hawaii. His writing has appeared in the Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Science magazine and a diversity of peer-reviewed journals. He has received a Marshall Memorial Fellowship and AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowship (declined). He also ran for office and won, serving three terms as a city councilmember and leading the successful effort for that city to become the first in the country to lower its voting age to 16.

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Learning from Indigenous-led Restoration on the Flathead Reservation

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Fact Sheet: What "Best Available Science" Means